Democracy Essay Example for Free

Popular government Essay In its least difficult term, majority rule government actually implies the standard of the individuals. It originated from the Greek word â€Å"demos† which means individuals and â€Å"kratos† which means rule. (â€Å"Democracy†) The term majority rule government was first authored in Ancient Greece. Vote based system in Greece was comprehended to mean the determination of standard residents to government office and courts and the get together of the considerable number of residents. As the years progressed, nonetheless, majority rule government as a type of government has advanced into an unpredictable type of government. In spite of the progressions the idea has experienced, it despite everything upholds the standards of famous power, political balance, mainstream meeting and the greater part rule. (Austin Ranney, 1995) This article is worried about presidential majority rules system as a type of government. I expect to talk about the focal points and hindrances of the presidential framework. In the finishing up part, I will stand firm on this issue. The Advantages of Presidential System It is the quintessence of each presidential majority rules system that the three fundamental forces of government are intrinsically isolated into thee various divisions. Understand more: How does huge states versus little states guard against oppression paper The three offices are: a) the administrative branch; b) official branch; and c) legal branch. The authoritative branch has the ability to propose, sanction, revise and annulment the law. The official branch has the ability to execute the law. The legal executive has the ability to decipher the law. The regulation of centralization of forces is proposed to forestall a convergence of expert in one individual or gathering of people that may prompt a blunder or maltreatment to the bias of the entire state. It is accepted that any centralization of forces in a solitary branch is overbearing and just obvious detachment of forces will secure the freedoms of the individuals against the hostilities of government. (Austin Ranney, p. 240) Moreover, the substance of presidential majority rule government doesn't just lie in the sacred detachment of forces however it likewise lies in the arrangement of balanced governance. The partition of forces in the three parts of government isn't interchangeable to confinement. In the expressions of Justice Frankfurter on account of Connally v. Scudder (160 N. E. 655), he expresses that while it is attractive that thee be a sure level of freedom among the few sacred organizations, it isn't in the open enthusiasm for them to manage each other at arm’s length or with an unfriendly desire of their particular rights as this would bring about dissatisfaction of the regular goals of the legislature. This implies as a general rule, these three divisions really share their forces to set up a framework by which one office could oppose infringement made by another office. In spite of the fact that there is a partition of forces in a majority rules system, one division is given the right to check whether another office is surpassing its capacity and privilege. For instance: the Executive office has the established right to check the intensity of the Legislative branch to make laws by practicing its veto power. This implies the leader of a nation has the force not to sign into law or veto a specific bill passed by the administrative branch if the president, believes that the law isn't appropriate e. g. f the law isn't ideal. The equivalent is valid for the administrative part of government which has the sacred right to mind the forces of the president by methods for the strategy known as prosecution. The equivalent is valid with the President who has the protected privilege to mind the elements of the Judiciary. For instance, the president has the ability to allow reprieve and exoneration to those as of now sentenced and have experienced the procedure in the legal executive. Another substance of vote based system lies in the Rule of Majority. This is best showed in the process known as political race by which the individuals, as per the standard of famous sway, have the ability to pick which among the competitors will administer them for a constrained timeframe. Disservice of Presidential System Though the presidential framework may have its points of interest, one fundamental issue with this framework is the deferrals brought about by a lot of political clash and gridlock between the President, Senate and the House of Representatives. A few times in the past that required enactments have been postponed and blocked in view of the political squabbling that is consistently natural in a Presidential framework. It must be focused on that laws are passed to address the worries of the individuals. In the event that the entry of laws will be deferred in view of the contradictions between the official and the administrative then the individuals are the ones who will endure. End The popular government is embraced by numerous nations including the United States. I think presidential popular government is superior to different types of government. In spite of the fact that it has likewise its shortcoming, it is just in a vote based system where there is a superior harmony between the forces of the legislature and the privilege of the individuals. It is this parity that guarantees that those in the administration won't misuse their forces that the constitution has conceded to them. It is likewise this parity that guarantees that the individuals won't misuse their sway. The combination of the two fundamental forces of government, for example, the ability to execute laws and to make and change laws in the possession of a solitary individual will uncover the entire state and the populace to the likelihood that people with significant influence will mishandle their position.

Mountain Man Brewing Company Case Study Essay

What is the present circumstance? Mountain Man Brewing Company (MMBC) is a privately-run company established in West Virginia in 1925 by Guntar Prangel. The organization is presently worked by Guntars grandson, Oscar. Oscars child, Chris, is scheduled to acquire the business in five years when his dad resigns. Mountain Man (MM) Lager is the lead item and the main brew as of now created by the organization. The formula for the ale depended on a refined family formula and is known for its tasty, unpleasant taste. By the 1960s, the ale had set up itself as a heritage lager with a rich history, and the organization keeps on keeping up its autonomous, family-claimed status which advances to its center consumers. By 2005, the ubiquity of MM Lager in the East Central area of the U.S. had developed to produce incomes of simply over $50 million, and the brew held the top market position among ales in West Virginia. MM Lager won Å"Best Beer in West Virginia  in 2005 for the eighth year straight. What has made MMBC effective and recognizes it? MMBC has appreciated achievement as a result of a few components. Despite the fact that it is a provincial brewer, it has wonderful name acknowledgment. An ongoing report indicated that Mountain Man Lager was considered by numerous individuals to be West Virginias most popular brew. What's more, it has solid brand position with purchasers preferring MM Lagers interesting taste and quality fixings from the family formula. At last, MMBC has a prepared deals power that is capable and getting its item into the correct channels to contend with national bottling works. The inheritance of the organization is its principle recognizing characteristic from its rivals. As referenced previously, the extremely solid brand value has made MMBC stand apart as a distillery that has encountered client faithfulness for progressive ages. Holding the title of Å"West Virginias Beer  permits MM Lager to have an imbued presentation to shoppers in the locale and go about as a characteristic default for its manual benefactors. What empowered MMBC to make such a solid brand? To cite the Mission Statement, Å"Mountain Man is as yet standing since we fabricate an extraordinary brew with an incredible brand name, weve never dismissed our center client, and weve never been enticed by the different folks market.  MMBC represents such interesting characteristics that have been the standard for building up an enhanced brand with solid value. For very nearly 50 years it held the top piece of the overall industry for ales of West Virginia in most of the states where it was dispersed distinctive them in prime situation among contenders. Research of common laborers guys established that MMBC was as unmistakable as driving producers Chevrolet and John Deere in the East Central district. Other than fruitful marking endeavors in a large market, MM Lager was estimated with a very serious Every Day Value underneath claim to fame brands, however above premium local brands. This took into account an emanation of genuineness recognizing it as higher caliber than Miller and Budweiser, for example, all while increasing steady incomes from the art brewers like Sam Adams. MMBC could create expanded turns at registers without having the profound pockets of their rivals. What has caused MMBCs decrease despite its solid image? Investigation of MMBCs plan of action requires the background of the U.S. brew industry. Since 2001, U.S. per capita lager utilization has declined by 2.3% because of expanding rivalry from wine and spirits-based beverages. MMBCs incomes are down 2% comparative with the earlier monetary year. The present condition of the organization and economic situations proposes that a solitary product offering might be unreasonable. Starting at 2005, MMBC was the main major local brew organization to not extend past its leader ale item. A portion of the populace was as yet keen on MMBC, however that section, while faithful, was maturing. The rate at which MMBC was constructing new customers was just going to supplant a small amount of their present purchasers. Merchants were separating about which littler brands they would convey, and the level of new purchasers by age bunch was proceeding to diminish. There have likewise been various wild conditions that have been ascribed to MMBCs decrease regardless of their solid image. Expanded duties and expenses to producers have been unmistakably clear in the rising retail expenses of merchandise in the commercial center. Organizations can't stand to retain the additional uses and subsequently give them to the customer whom will in general purchase less as costs increment; these increments are hitting their pockets on the home front also. Furthermore, the normal customer is turning out to be substantially more wellbeing cognizant and has made changes in their inclination of mixed refreshment portion. Brew is high in calories; for example, when contrasted with wine or spirits and diminishing caloric admission has been one of those genuinely ongoing wellbeing cognizant changes being made. Lager sweethearts are staying with their decision of drink; nonetheless, subbing a light form of their preferred image. With these elements on the ascent consistently and the center segment of MM Lager arriving at an age section were impressively less portions of pay are committed to liquor buys, the distillery has gradually lost piece of the pie to the bigger local brewers that have been lucky enough to cash-flow to contribute on expanded publicizing and showcasing. Ought to MMBC present a light lager? With deals declining and looking for new zones of business development, Chris Prangel, an ongoing MBA graduate, is thinking about a battle to dispatch MM Light. Light lager deals in the U.S. have been developing at a compound yearly pace of 4%, while customary premium brew deals, for example, MM Lager, have declined by a similar rate. The center age bunch for light brew consumers is 25-44 which reaches out beneath the present center age gathering of MM Lager (men beyond 45 years old). At present, MM Lager has a 4-to-1 male-to-female proportion while the light brew class proportion is approximately 3-to-2. Utilizing current paces of decay with overall revenue down 6.2% in 2005, 2010 deals of MM Lager will keep on diminishing at the present pace of decrease. Given the present condition of the lager business, it is sensible to extend that the pace of deals decrease will keep on quickening later on. In 2005, MMBC was as yet gainful and could stand to assume the expenses of expanding its product offering; in any case, every year that the organization stood by to do so endangered its capacity to bear the cost of new expenses. From the start, there gives off an impression of being a conspicuous chance to grow the brand by acquainting a light brew with the market. The worry is that a light mix would distance the center client base and dissolve the properties that make MM a beneficial organization. MM Light will include extra capital uses for plant and hardware redesigns and might hurt deals of the ale as brand steadfastness may get compromised. To show up at an all around educated decision supported by solid monetary estimations, it is first important to play out a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) investigation (Exhibit 1). While shortcomings and dangers distinguished are not kidding, they are very few whenever contrasted with the numerous qualities and chances of growing the MMBC product offering. Since 9.4% of the areas light lager creation was caught by little brewers, there are triumphs to be had in delivering a light lager. Moreover, light brew is answerable for over half of all lager deals in MMBCs East Central locale. Indeed, even a little level of the greatest market could be significant for MMBC. Is MM Light monetarily attainable for MMBC? MMBC must create a light lager item so as to stay a serious player in the brew business. This choice depends on money related projections of continued gainfulness. Both industry and friends information were at first given to set the basis to these figurings (Exhibit 2). MMBC incomes for 2005 were assessed at $50 million; be that as it may, that income base was anticipated to diminish by 2% yearly. Also, the quantity of barrels of MM Lager sold in 2005 was roughly 520,000. Territorial light lager deals totaled simply over 18.7M barrels that year and were evaluated to develop at a yearly pace of 4% as decided by industry specialists. As decided by Chris Prangel, the underlying piece of the overall industry for MM Light in 2006 is evaluated to be 0.25%. Following Chris anticipation, we additionally expected a yearly development pace of 0.25% in MM Light income for follow-on years. Ultimately, we were given variable expense per unit information: $66.93 for MM Lager and $71.62 for MM Ligh t. This primary arrangement of information considered a progression of basic presumptions to be consistently made (Exhibit 2). Make back the initial investment Point (BEP) Analysis While trying to show the practicality of stretching out MMBCs product offering to incorporate a light lager, breakeven point (BEP) examination was led. These estimations were performed for both MM Lager and MM Light as the two items will include MMBCs all out income in years to come (Exhibit 3). It is imperative to take note of that MMBCs fixed expenses were in part involved previously mentioned money related presumptions. SG&A costs for every product offering were given, anyway we decided to distribute an extra $50K in fixed expenses for MM Light to help with name plan. Publicizing stayed steady with 2005 information for MM Lager, however an extra $750K was included for MM Light as a component of a concentrated half year showcasing effort. This brought about expense is noteworthy in acquainting another item with the thriving light brew showcase in the east focal locale. Finishing the BEP counts, we have verified that 66,982 barrels of MM Light and 364,738 barrels of MM Lager must be created with the end goal for MMBC to equal the initial investment (Exhibit 3). At an expense of $97/barrel, this is workable for MMBC to accomplish by 2008. The accompanying cannibalization examination gives added detail to help this statement. MM Lager Cannibalization An expansion in MM Light creation will requir

If a dog was your teacher

If a dog was your teacher If a dog was your teacher, these are some of the lessons you might learnWhen loved ones come home, always run to greet themNever pass up the opportunity to go for a joyrideAllow the experience of fresh air and the wind in your face, to be pure ecstasyWhen its in your best interest, practice obedienceLet others know when theyve invaded your territoryTake naps and stretch before risingRun romp and play dailyThrive on attention and let people touch youAvoid biting, when a simple growl will doOn warm days stop to lie on your back on the grassOn hot days drink lots of water and lay under a shady treeWhen youre happy dance around and wag your entire bodyNo matter how often youre scolded, dont buy into the guilt thing and pout, run right back and make friends Delight in the simple joy of a long walkEat with gusto and enthusiasmStop when you have had enoughBe loyalNever pretend to be something youre notIf what you want lies buried, dig until you find itWhen someone is having a bad day, be si lent. sit close by and nuzzle them gently.Author Unknown

Marketing Analysis Nike, Adidas, Aon, And Nike - 1161 Words

Sports Industry Competition The term competition cannot be avoided in any business set up. This term in economic may allude to a rivalry which exists between sellers with their intention of achieving certain business objectives. The objectives may incorporate maximization of profits and increasing the sales volume of the company’s products. When two businesses contend, each has the intention of offering the best favorable terms to woe more customers. The sports industry is not any exception. The industry confronts lots of competition amongst its key players. The major players as discussed in the industry analysis paper are Puma, Adidas, AON, and Nike. This essay entails a discussion of the competitive strategies each firm has over the others, giving reasons why the brands have been exceptional in the market. Strengths and weaknesses of Puma A SWOT analysis may be utilized to investigate into the strengths and weaknesses Puma has over the others, three key players. This analysis will show the risks and rewards of Puma (Åžen, 2008). The strengths and weaknesses include the financial resources, the resources which are physical like the location of the company, the human resources that include employees of Puma, and finally the access to services which include trademarks. The specific strengths which make Puma competitive over the other companies are discussed. The brand is well established over more than 90 countries all over the world. Being a recognized brand theyShow MoreRelatedThe External Environment On The Strategic Behavior And Internal Choices For Manchester United3315 Words   |  14 Pagesunder Louis Van Gaal’s management, Manchester United (2014g), This Analysis will be structured around three tasks to cover the external factors , internal factors and the challenges analysing MU, using the strategic tools. The following figure shows MU structure: Task 1: This analysis will look over the external environment affecting the strategic behavior and internal choices for Manchester-united (MU) as the unit of analysis, using Porter’s Five-forces. Bargaining Power of buyers MU

Cultural And Social Norms Patriarchal Society - 1544 Words

Community - Cultural and Social Norms: Patriarchal Society o Disparities in health status among men and women can be attributed to the overarching patriarchal society in Africa. Men make the bulk of the decisions, whereas women simply take care of the house and children. This leaves taking the imitative in sex, partner selection regardless of marriage status, using condoms, and acknowledging sexual consent of both partners purely at the discretion of the man. Women are expected to respect their husbands and moreover, accept the polygamous relationships that their husbands are involved in. o To men in Africa, wives, partners, and daughters are seen as their property, so most husbands expect or demand their conjugal rights. This is seen in the practice of â€Å"bride payments.† The bride’s family accepts a monetary compensation, called lobola, from the potential husband, but what happens if the husband can no longer pay the family off? When the men cannot afford the woman they woul d like to marry, they move sporadically from one relationship to another. This places the woman at an economic disadvantage as she is left to provide for herself and her children. This in turn spurs a vast sexual network, as men and women are constantly going from relationship to relationship, which places women and men alike at a high risk of HIV infection. Women then look for other partners resulting in a complex web of cultural practice and multiple partnerships placing both men and women at highShow MoreRelatedGender, Gender And Social Norms Essay792 Words   |  4 Pagesto be adhered to. From this standard, norms are established. The legal system acts a regulatory and governance body that acknowledges and legitimized cultural norms influence gendered identities. Cultural feminism suggests that gender disparities can be justified through biological differences. Gendered assumptions are therefore justified through reproductive capabilities, such as nurturing and domestic attribu tes of women. The analysis of law and cultural norms that perpetuate sexual danger and inhibitRead MoreModern Culture : The Japanese Manga A Sub Culture Based Around Graphic Novels1606 Words   |  7 PagesIn Japanese modern culture, patriarchal constructs rule everyday ideology of what it is to be feminine, how the female body should look, and appropriate female sexual behaviour. Representations (and expectations) of the female form and sexuality are well depicted in the Japanese manga: graphic novel artwork that is read ubiquitously throughout Japan. Exploration of this art-form and the culture that grows around it provides a unique insight into current cultural attitudes in Japan. Shojo manga -Read MoreGender Inequality Within India And India996 Words   |  4 Pagescondition of being unequal, lack of equality, disparity, inequality of size, and social disparity. In simple terms, gender inequality is defined as discrimination against women based on their sex. Women are general ly considered as the weaker sex. They are misused, degraded, violated and segregated both in homes and in the outside world. Women are oppressed all around the world, yet it is more prominent in India. Social and economic processes produce and reproduce gender inequality within the communityRead MoreAnalysis Of A Doll s House Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pagesevolution or transformation of its social and cultural values (Rabi 27). In modern times, it would be difficult, especially in advanced countries to find the entrenched patriarchal societies as found in the A Doll’s House, a family living in the late 19th century. Set in Norway, this play depicts a middle class family that not only enjoys a good background, but one that understands the limits placed on them by society. In spite of the entrenched social and cultural norms of that era, the desire for financialRead MoreBarriers Of Women s Education1349 Words   |  6 Pagesgetting education because of the patriarchal minds et of people, gender discriminations against them and social norms restricts their opportunity. Arguments have been made that education is the key for women for their freedom. The definition of education defined by Shehzadi Awan the author of â€Å"Role of Civil Society in Empowering Pakistani Women† is that â€Å"the educational level and a person’s profession should be more important to determine its contribution towards the society† (4). His definition of educationRead MoreVerbal Mediums And Music And Song Provide A Holistic Reflection Of The Culture Of A Given Community963 Words   |  4 Pagessocio-cultural norms, and perspectives of a particular society.1 Thus, these products shape the worldview of a cultural group. Within patriarchal subcultures, such as fraternities, song lyrics reflect socially constructed dominant masculinities that members are encouraged to adopt and engage in. From Rugby Road to Vinegar Hill, a drinking song made prominent by U.Va’s Glee Club in the late 1940’s, captures the socially constructed masculinities po rtrayed in leisure alcohol use and the cultural masculineRead MoreConflict Between Cultural And Historical Norms893 Words   |  4 Pagessocialised in patriarchal societies where misogyny is often internalised. As a result women often make choices, which reflect their subordinate status to keep to the norm and stabilise themselves economically and socially. Women in countries in sub- Saharan Africa, South and East Asian areas, though in differing contexts face similar struggles of subservience and manipulation. Women accommodate, resist or adapt to the sexist oppressive system. Those who choose to bargain with the social constructs aimRead MoreJane Austens Novel Sense and Sensibility: An Analysis1492 Words   |  6 Pagesand Sensibility shares much in common with other novels by and about women. Themes like autonomy versus independence and the role of women in a patriarchal society are explored in Sense and Sensibility. Using two sisters to symbolize the different directions the f emale spirit can be pulled, Austen shows the variable ways women respond to political, social, and economic oppression. The women of Sense and Sensibility are both trapped by, and breaking free from, the conventions of marriage and motherhoodRead MoreMedeo is a Play Based on the Myth of Jason and Medea Written by Euripides1248 Words   |  5 Pagesable to involve the audience by using dramatic scenery on how Medea choses to respond to this theatrical situation according to the patriarchal culture she lives in. Furthermore, the analysis focuses upon the system of masculinity and femininity with regards to how Medea assesses the best approach in seeking to fight back against the predominant practices and norms of patriarchy that existed in her time. This play further highlights the role of love and the significance it has over family. It isRead MoreThe Animal Symbols Of Animals920 Words   |  4 Pagescharacters in a more abstract way. Some animal descriptions also give key insight to the societal or cultural norms that are present within a particular text. The animal symbolism used in literature often represents elements of humanity and also highlights varying cultural aspects. Throughout â€Å"In Camera,† Leila is compared to a small calf in order to describe her situation and emphasize how society views her. Calves are terms used for cows who are in their first year of life (Lifestyle Production

Pros and Cons of the Scholastic Aptitude Test Free Essays

Why I chose this topic: Should the SAT be used for college admissions? The SAT has been a huge controversy for a long time, however, it wasn’t until several months after getting into college that I began to really question why it’s used for admission. The only answers I really got from the college board was that it is â€Å"designed to assess your academic readiness for college and provides a path to opportunities, financial support and scholarships, in a way that’s fair to all students. It also keeps pace with what colleges are looking for today, measuring the skills required for success in the 21st century. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of the Scholastic Aptitude Test or any similar topic only for you Order Now I still was not convinced because not all those answers seemed right to me. What is the SAT: So what is the SAT? The Scholastic Aptitude Test is a standardized test used by college admissions. It is a timed test featuring a Critical Reading, mathematics, and writing section. Pros vs Cons of the SAT: Proponents of the SAT claim that it is a great indicator to colleges as to how students will do in college since it assesses the critical thinking skills needed. Opponents of the SAT claim that it is a poor indicator of the intelligence of the student. Why it should not be used: Why should the SAT not be used? Before even getting to the components of the test, first lets take into account the fact that a lot of people out there do not have enough money for tutors or books who really need them for preparation. A lot of other people hire tutors or get a lot of books to prepare them well and therefore the preparation itself just went through an unfair process. Secondly, the test is timed and we all work at different paces. There are those of us who can read really fast and get all the information down fast but there are those of us who cant read as fast but can still get down all the information very well. There are those of us who can quickly think about how to format an essay but there are those of us who need more time are can still write a great essay. Therefore, the fact that it is timed definitely factors in to not being able to truly indicate how smart the student really is. The SAT is also very culturally biased in the way that there are many people out there who come to the United States late in their school career and barely know any English and are all of a sudden expected to have a great English vocabulary and great English reading skills just to have a chance to go to college. Once again, another reason the SAT does not truly determine the intelligence of the student. Conclusion: The SAT shows how the student did on ONE test as opposed to grades, which show the student did overtime. There are many people out there who are not very good test takers and there were probably many who just did not feel themselves the day of their SAT and ended up doing worse than they were capable of. The SAT is a very biased test in a lot of aspects and should absolutely be abolished because it poorly indicates how smart the student really is and, in several cases, how the student can perform in college. How to cite Pros and Cons of the Scholastic Aptitude Test, Essay examples

Jane Fonda Essay Example For Students

Jane Fonda Essay Who is Jane Fonda? This is a question often asked by many people with no one right answer. She is an actress, a fitness guru, a former communist sympathizer, and most importantly, an antiwar activist during the Vietnam War. Although Jane Fonda was honored as one of the ?100 Women of the Century?, her infamous name is one Vietnam veterans will never forget. As American soldiers were losing their lives, she traveled into enemy-territory, defaming American POWs, many of whom were tortured to death. Jane Fonda, a revolutionary woman whose efforts not only demoralized American servicemen but also created a personal war that would last a lifetime, mixed politics with film to make her an infamous legend. Born into a family of wealth, Jane Fonda evolved from a distinguished actress to one of the most controversial figures in Hollywood. Descending from prominent figures in history, including Samuel Adams and Jane Seymour, Fonda grew up with very little parental love and attention. Her father, actor Henry Fonda, rarely saw his daughter except for the occasional publicity photo-shoot. Her brother, Peter Fonda, and Jane spent most of their childhood at numerous boarding schools. ?The beginnings of Fondas passion for communism can be ascribed to her early boarding school in Paris, where she befriended French communists and Vietcong representatives assigned in Paris? (Mraffin 1). Back in the United States, Jane made numerous theatrical appearances with her father. Developing her own fame, Jane began to take on numerous risque films, her most famous being Barbarella. Tired of her sex kitten roles and appearance, Jane took on a more serious role, titled They Shoot Horses Dont They? and also d eveloped an interest in politics. Jane watched ?women leading marches, women getting beaten up, women walking up to bayonets, and they were not afraid. That experience completely changed her, and it began her searching for what was behind it all? (Andersen 171). March 8,1970, marked Janes first entry into the world of militant protest. Jane, a strong advocate of ?Coffee houses?, or hangouts where servicemen could get a taste of antiwar propaganda and some coffee, was also drawn to the Black Panthers, the feminist movement, the plight of the American Indian, welfare mothers, and the farm movement. Jane decided that ?because of the success of my films, I have more power-and I intend to use it? (Andersen 169) and the best way to tackle all these issues was by way of a cross country tour. Using her acting fame, Jane obtained appearances on TV talk shows, and became a feature speaker at numerous college campuses, leading countless anti-war demonstrations. Her speeches could be summarized by her statement on November 22, 1970: ?I would think if you understood what communism was, you would pray on your knees that you would someday become Communists? (Mraffin 1). While traveling across country, Jane dropped in on Indian reservations, army bases, and G.I. coffeehouses, hoping to convert nonbelievers. Whenever Jane spoke at a Coffeehouse, she was speaking to the converted?mostly disillusioned draftees, rearing no more then a few thousand spread across the country, a small fraction of the nations fighting force (Andersen). Within time though, Janes interest in everything but the Vietnam war diminished. No longer content with spreading her radicalism within the home ranks, Fonda decided to trade her glamorous attire in for a pair of Ho Chi Minh sandals, and Vietcong pajamas. She left for her two week stay in North Vietnam on July 8, 1972. Jane, with several cameras slung around her neck, was led on a tour of bombed-out hospitals, schools, factories, villages, and dikes. T he devastation left Jane shaken, but not enough to stop her from doing some morale boosting for the enemy. It was then that Jane climbed aboard a North Vietnamese anti-aircraft gun, used to shoot American men, and peered through the gun sight looking for one of those blue eyed murderers (Sampley 1). Still, if She had stopped then, and returned home, her trip may have soon been forgotten. Instead, Fonda volunteered to make a series of ten propaganda broadcasts over Radio Hanoi, designed to demoralize American servicemen while encouraging the North Vietnamese to fight harder and kill more Americans. The broadcasts, along with torture and starvation were used in attempt to brainwash American POWs. Colonel George Day, a ranking officer at the Hanoi Hilton, when referring to the broadcasts, once stated Its difficult to put into words how terrible it is to hear that siren song that is so absolutely rotten and wrongIt was worse then being manipulated and usedShe wanted the North Vietnamese to win. She caused the deaths of unknown numbers of Americans by buoying up the enemys spirit and keeping them in the fight (Andersen 255). In addition to the broadcasts, North Vietnamese rounded up POWs to meet with Jane Fonda. Those who refused to meet with Fonda were tortured. Civilian Michael Benge, an official of the agency for International development, was captured in Cambodia, and when refused to meet with Jane Fonda, was forced to kneel on the cold cement floor of his cell holding a steel rod in front of him for two days. Every time the rod dipped to the floor, he was brutally beaten. When he finally returned home with the other POWs years later, he was missing part of his right foot (Andersen 256). Back in America, Jane informed the public that the American soldiers were being well treated and not tortured. Her outrageous claims were later exposed when American POWs returned home and told of years of agonizing torture and inhumane treatment. Fonda responded not with an ap ology but with an accusation calling the POWs liars and hypocrites (Sampley 1). Disillusioned, Jane took time to assess the damage she was doing to her career. .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50 , .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50 .postImageUrl , .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50 , .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50:hover , .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50:visited , .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50:active { border:0!important; } .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50:active , .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50 .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue1f21f5e8a4b4ef28b80d8967d59ba50:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Police brutality EssayThere was no official blacklist like the one that ended so many brilliant careers during the McCarthey era of the 1950s, but fewer and fewer scripts were heading Janes way. Jane was in the new age of being ?graylisted.? Robert Losey, a director who fled the country during the McCarthey era, understood Janes predicament. He invited her to play the lead in a film titled Dolls House, but Losey could not find a distributor willing to gamble with a film starring ?Hanoi Jane?. Convinced that she had alienated too many powerful producers, Jane formed her own production company called the IPC. Jane decided that the IPC would make socially relevant films whose profits would go to political causes. Most of the IPCs earlier films were failures until the year 1978 when Jane decided to do a Vietnam film. The movie titled Coming Home was about the consequences of war as seen through the eyes of a military wife (Andersen 283). Although the film was a major gamble for Jane, it proved to be a success. After Coming Home, films began rolling in for Jane. Her comeback in Tinseltown had been nothing less then phenomenal, but she had not and probably will never regain respect from Vietnam veterans. Even to her last years in acting, she had been forced from shooting locations.

Athens And Sparta Essays - Ancient Greece, Sparta,

Athens and Sparta Athens and Sparta The country of Greece in 400-500 B.C. was led to greatness by two great city-states. These city-states were Athens and Sparta. These two states were as different as night and day. They were rivals and very diverse. As you read you will find out their differences between their form of culture and government. The city-state of Athens adopted a form of government which is now called democracy. Democracy is when the government is ruled by the people. This government consisted of an assembly , a jury , and there was a council of 500 men over 30 . The council decided such matters as to declare war or to spend money. The council was used to make decisions for the Athenian government. All men that were citizens were able to participate in an assembly , hold office , vote , and serve on a jury. Slaves could not do any of these things because they were not counted as citizens . The Athenian government was as similar as the American government today (Meigas 32). Unlike the government of Athens the government of Sparta flourished as an aristocracy . This type of government is when a place is ruled by a small number of people from the upper class . There was a Council of Elders , an assembly , and the five ephors. The Council of Elders was made up of two kings and 28 men over the age of 60. This council decided on making laws. The assembly was made out of all male citizens over 30. The assembly did many things. It elected government workers and voted on laws that were introduced by the Council of Elders. The ephors were selected by the assembly. The ephors were overseers. They controlled slaves , conducted business with foreign countries , and negotiated with the kings (Hornblower 35). The men of ancient Athens were very educated. From their childhood until the ages of six or seven the men were taught home by their mother or a male slave. After the age of seven they attended a normal day school. At school they learned drama, public speaking, reading, writing, and mathematics . When they reached the age of fourteen they attended a higher school for four more years. At the higher school they learned more math , more science , and things about the government. When the men reached the age of 18 the were required to attend military school for 2 more years. The Athenian men were skilled architects , poets , and artists. From them is where we get great works known as The Odyssey and The Iliad by the writer known as Homer (Meigas 123). The men of ancient Sparta were very cunning , slick , and strong. During their childhood the Spartan men were taken away from their parents. Being taken away at the age of seven , they were sent to military school. If a child was not strong , he/she was left on a cliff to die of exposure. In the military school they lived in barracks. They were taught survival skills , the endurance of pain , discipline , and toughness at the school. They were given little food and were encouraged to steal. If they were caught stealing they would get a beating. They were also beaten up by older children in fights , so they could become tough and strong. At the age of 20 the Spartan men finally became soldiers. Once they got married , they were only allowed to live in their own homes with their family at the age of 30. At this age they were considered equals. The military service for the Spartan men ended at the age of 60 (Connolly 230). The Athenian women were very literate and educated. The women were not counted as citizens and they were not allowed to hold property. The women received the same education as the Athenian men did. Although the education was the same, the women were not allowed to leave the household. They did not go shopping or to run errands. Their husband did most of these things. The main job of the women was to run the household. She managed the family's money , the children , and the slaves. She also spun wool and created artistic pottery (Hornblower 145). In Sparta the lives of women were unlike the lives of any other Greek polis. The Spartan state didn't take the academic education of a female seriously. The physical education that the women had was very tough and grueling.

Freedom Of The City Monologue Essay Example

Freedom Of The City Monologue Essay Example Freedom Of The City Monologue Paper Freedom Of The City Monologue Paper Dont ask me nothing, young feels. Ive no head. All do is march. And if you want to know why you should be marching you ask the buck inside. Me? Sure everybody was marching the day Well, for the same reason as everybody else. My reasons no different to anybody elses. Wan man wan vote -thats what I want. You know -wan man wan vote. Sure I know that. Sure I know we got it. Gerrymandering- thats another thing- no more gerrymandering- thats what I want- no more gerrymandering. And civil rights for everybody- thats what I ant- you know- civil rights- civil rights- thefts why march. Im a liar then? Youre calling me a liar, is that it? Hell be telling me my name isnt Lily Doherty next. Did you ever hear off Mongol child, Skinner? Told you a lie about our Declare. Thats what Declare is. Hess not just shy , our Declare. Hes a Mongol. And its for him I go on all the civil rights marches. Isnt that stupid? You and him and everybody else else marching and protesting about sensible things like politics and stuff and me in the middle of you all, marching for Declare. : Isnt that the stupidest thing you ever heard? Sure I could march and protest from here to Dublin and sure what good would it do Declare? Stupid and all as am know that much. But still march- every Sunday. Isnt that the stupidest thing you ever heard? Thats what the chairman said when l- you know- when tried to tell him what was thinking. He never talks about him; you cant even look at him. And that day thefts what he said, Youre a bone stupid bitchy. No wonder the kids bone stupid too. The chairman- thats what he said.

Critical Response Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical Response - Research Paper Example This paper will explore the film’s content, as well as formal aspects, including, among others, performance and genre. Almodovar appreciates the element of desire, particularly homosexual desire, which is a tough topic regarding a normal human condition. The director considers desire as the absolute necessity to be wanted or desired, however, the interplay of desires often makes it difficult for two desires to correspond. The integration of such a sensitive topic in the film not only adds to its richness, but also highlights the array of formal aspects employed to present the issue in a delicate manner. Almodovar’s use of comedy and comic sensibilities eases the manner in which the touchy issues of homosexuality, nudity, violence, jealousy and lust are presented and discussed. According to Smith (187) La Ley del Deseo develops the central theme of morality as highlighted by homosexuality and transsexuality. Almodovar’s style also encompasses the use of themes to develop new themes. For instance, the theme of love without constraints results in the emergence of the theme of death. The disregard of sexual differences in the endeavor to find love without restrictions results in the eventuality of death. Pally (35) perceives Almodovar’s presentation of these touchy issues as celebratory instead of frightening. Almodovar uses light to frame the film’s characters’ faces with a sense of protection and care, which does away with the characters’ inherent confusion. This use of light allows the viewer to appreciate the braveness and joyousness of the characters that choose to be true to their true emotions regardless of the outcome. The extravagant use of bright color in the film speaks to Almodovar’s visual style. In addition to the integration of color in the film, Almodovar incorporates art, for instance, the hopper print that appears in Pablo’s apartment. The use of bright colors and art adds to the filmà ¢â‚¬â„¢s overall visual superiority. In addition, Almodovar uses other stylistic touches such as fade and close-up. For instance, in one scene, framing shifts from a close-up of Pablo’s eyes to the revolving wheels of his car, the wheel cover aligns perfectly with Pablo’s pupils (La Ley del Deseo). In essence, even when Almodovar portrays Pablo’s makeshift family as incredibly outrageous through silly narrative, the director protects the nobility, emotional richness and strength of all characters. Characterization adds to the richness of the film. For instance, while the film appears to be falling apart in some instances, characters such as Tina who is fierce, funny and independent do not fall apart, thereby holding the film together. Operating in a cultural environment that frowns upon nudity, especially male nudity, Almodovar does his best to deal with the awkwardness of the topic in a comic manner. However, according to Medhurst (127) the use of comedy in pre senting serious issues in La Ley del Deseo complicates the manner in which Almodovar and the film are perceived culturally. Notably, since comedy relies on inside cultural knowledge, the region from which La Ley del Deseo was generated largely influences the appreciation of the film’s message (Medhurst 132). Spanish roots have significantly influenced the film’s raw material, thereby impacting the way people from other cultures perceive its intrinsic message. On

Oscilloscope User's Guide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Oscilloscope User's Guide - Essay Example ...24 Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....25 Abstract This is a user guide for an oscilloscope, an electronic instrument used to observe constantly variable signals from electric charges. It entails first part which is introduction containing the different types of oscilloscope like; cathode ray oscilloscope as called the analog, digital storage oscilloscope, dual beam oscilloscope, analog storage oscilloscope and mixed domain oscilloscope. Introduction also highlights brief history of the oscilloscope. There the graphics and symbol section which discusses the various parts of the oscilloscope including; probes, input, time base controls, vertical amplifiers, front panel controls, and the hold off control. In the written analysis and statement, the tests; compliance test, production test and commissioning tests are discussed. Outcome of tests are explained. In this document pictures have been used to create a more realistic image of what an oscilloscope looks like. There is a concluding statement which discusses further the reports from the test and finally giving a concluding recommendation. Other parts of this document include the glossary; a list some terms which preferably user ought to have known, and appendices which include some information which may be of importance to the user of this manual. Introduction An oscilloscope is an electronic instrument or tester which is used in the observation and reading of a constantly varying electrical signals like voltages and current. (Witte, 2002) The observations and the readings are made from a series of potential differences; voltage drops which are displayed in a two dimensional graphs which entails axes y (vertical rise) and x (horizontal change). Electrical signals like sounds always cause a change in electrical potentials over time thus inducing or are conve rted to voltages. The created signals (voltages) are displayed in this graphs; forming a constantly repeated and periodic patterns. Since the signals are often repeated they always appear as a steady picture. In most cases, oscilloscopes have been used to capture sample of non-repeating wave forms. For this to be used to derive a meaningful information, the capture of the wave forms have to be done for some period of time (specified) and be stored to show a steady display of the captured segment. This enhances the exact observation of the wave shape of a signal which is electrically created, for example signals from sound wave. For proper observation, these instruments; oscilloscopes are as a rule calibrated. (Lee,2004) From such calibrated devices, voltages and time can be easily read by human eye with a lot of ease. The calibrations are done in such a way to allow for the measurement of the peak voltages of the wave form under study, frequency of the induced signals, rise time for the full amplitude, time taken between consecutive pulses and the timing of the signals which are related to

Benefits of the Psychology of Personality

Benefits of the Psychology of Personality The psychology of personality enables us to understand ourselves better than it allows us to understand others. Critically evaluate this statement, giving empirical and/or theoretical evidence to support your arguments. According to Kohut (2013), personality is not a clearly defined and measured concept; therefore in order to understand ourselves and other people we have constructed implicit personality theories, through observing others’ behaviour and experiencing social interactions (Maltby, Day Macaskill, 2010). However, it is also clear that individual differences occur, making the study of personality more complex, and one which is highly influenced by and reliant on subjectivity. This produces problems with reliably understanding others, and also raises unexpected questions as to whether studying personality really does allow us to understand ourselves better than other people. Allport (1955), expresses personality as a process of ‘becoming’, unique to each individual and their context, and considers that individual differences are made sense of through comparison with accepted concepts. It would therefore make sense that many theories in personality research base themselves on common sense and rely heavily on intuition, often without explicit knowledge (Heider, 2013). Furthermore, psychological research (within personality psychology and other areas) is often directly influenced by personal experience. Allport also commented that by understanding ourselves and identifying issues which are important to our own experience, we are then able to collect structured knowledge about other people. Empirical research by Chiu, Hong and Dweck (1997) demonstrated that an individual’s understanding of themselves influences their view of the personalities of others, through pattern projection, and that forms implicit personality theories. This suggest s that we have an existing deeper knowledge of ourselves and that as we develop this we also cultivate theories about the behaviour of other people around us which allows us to understand them. If then, understanding ourselves enables a better understanding of others, it is important to consider how personality psychology allows us to understand ourselves better. Firstly, much of the terminology used (such as ‘self-actualisation’ and ‘self-concept’) places emphasis on our knowledge of ourselves and how individual awareness should be strived for, as shown by Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. The Need Satisfaction Inventory has been produced in order to operationalise and confirm Maslow’s theory using college students (Lester, 1990); this has provided more grounded evidence for ideas about achieving happiness and potential. Furthermore, the Jungian personality types are based on the concepts of ‘thinking’, ‘feeling’, ‘sensing’ and ‘intuition’ (Jung, 1998), placing emphasis on the internal and subjective, and classifying people using these individual processes. There are elements of psycholo gy which take internal processes to be irrelevant, such as operant and classical conditioning, which rely on genetics and situational factors (Pavlov, 1927; Skinner, 1938). Yet, personality psychology is concerned with what makes people different, and therefore focuses on the internal thoughts and processes which make a person who they are. We are clearly interested in the motives and causes of behaviour and this is one of the main reasons for studying personality (Maltby, Day Macaskill, 2010). Subsequently much research is based entirely on subjective processes as this allows us to understand ourselves better. Ullen, de Manzano, Almeida, Magnusson and Pederson (2012), looked at the phenomenon of ‘flow’ within personality psychology. This involved measuring ‘flow proneness’ using self-report, as flow is a subjective experience which involves enjoyment, low self-awareness and effortless actions when engaging in an activity of interest. The theory is based entirely on subjective experience as flow cannot be measured empirically or be identified by people other than the individual experiencing flow. Due to research such as this, logically it would appear that while undertaking personality research it should be easier to understand ourselves. We have direct information about our history, private behaviours, thoughts and feelings which others do not have, and that we do not have about other people (Vazire Carlson, 2010). However, there are limitations to the amount that we can understand our own personality and internal processes. Wilson (2009) commented on the use of introspection in psychology, stating that it may not be as effective as first thought, as many aspects of ourselves are hidden from conscious awareness, limiting its ability to provide us with self-knowledge. This notion of the unconscious is grounded in psychodynamic psychology and Freudian concepts. Freud considered the unconscious and reasoned that there is much of our thoughts, feelings and internal information about ourselves which is unknown to us. Freud considered consciousness to be a dynamic system, whereby unconscious thoughts manifest themselves in various ways such as dreams and ‘Freudian slips’ (Power, 2000). When understanding a person we put emphasis on their motives, rather than just the observed behaviour, however we cannot pass any judgement on the unconscious (ours or others’) or make generalisatio ns about unconscious processes, as it is beyond our cognition (Jung, 1998). In more recent research, Carlson (2013) provides research suggesting that mindfulness can improve self-knowledge, especially into internal aspects of personality such as thoughts and emotions. Mindfulness, as opposed to introspection, is being more aware of our own internal thoughts and processes without needing immediate explanation and justification- we simply observe our own state. Carlson considers that we can measure both trait and state mindfulness and that this may overcome the barriers of information and ego-defence which can distort our understanding of ourselves. Despite this, it is clear that currently we cannot fully understand ourselves; it has also been explored that this process is intrinsically linked to, rather than preceding, our understanding of others. Heider (2013) explains that as soon as we enter into an interaction with someone else we cannot be analysed and viewed separately from that person and the environment we are in. We respond to what others think of us, or what we perceive to be their views. Vazire and Carlson (2010) go further than behaviour and consider that an individual cannot develop a full understanding of themselves without considering the perspective of people who know them well. Others can see things about our personality and provide insights that we cannot, this is due to blind spots, as we sometimes have too much or too little information or self-presentation motivations which can distort our considerations. We do not view ourselves objectively as others do, which inhibits our understanding of ourselves. Vazir e (2010) produced the Self-Other Knowledge Asymmetry (SOKA) model to illustrate that both the individual and the people close to them have insight into different aspects of their personality. When we consider these ideas when understanding others, on an explicit level it is clear that the only way to find out what people are thinking is to ask them (Baumeister, Vohs Funder, 2007), however this produces a large reliance on self report, and raises methodological issues and problems. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, or EPQ (Eysenck, Eysenck Barrett, 1975) is used to measure personality using yes/no judgements by individuals on a series of statements. The self report asks questions such as: ‘Do you often wonder about things you should have done or said?’, ‘Do you often feel lonely?’ and ‘Are your feelings easily hurt?’ Considering Vazire and Carlson’s point, people close to the individual may have an insight and may be able to correct with regards to demand characteristics, however behaviour does not always reflect feelings and beliefs, leaving the self report with a large potential for bias. This is partly due to poor pre dictive validity which leads Baumeister, Vohs and Funder (2007) to argue that Social and Personality psychology disciplines are not really measuring behaviour because of their reliance on self report. They explain that there are often discrepancies between what people say they will do and how they actually behave, meaning that observations and direct experiments would be a more reliable way to study behaviour, and that self-report should be used to accompany these to provide deeper understanding. However, psychology is the study of why people do what they do, so this comment could be considered irrelevant if the emphasis of personality psychology is to explain internal processes and understand why people act as they do (Maltby, Day Macaskill, 2010). Adler (1998) would argue that everything happens with conscious intent and that observing behaviour actually gives no insight into what is occurring within an individual. Furthermore, self-reports do not occur in isolation from the envi ronment, therefore situational factors have an influence on the extent to which personality characteristics are displayed, which in turn may affect an individual’s perception of themselves and subsequently their self-report judgements (Ajzen, 2005). Additionally, self-reports are snap judgements which do not give much information into understanding others, yet can be useful for developing models and theories to explain general internal processes and behaviour (Baumeister, Vohs and Funder, 2007). For example, attachment theory relies on past experiences (Bretherton, 1992) and has proved a highly influential model used in many areas of psychology. As a model, it has been reliably based on observation of behaviour and has helped us to understand others, and even to make inferences about personality; however on an individual basis we often do not have the information available to allow us to make direct attribution retrospectively. We need to understand the full context and the goal of the individual and in this way we understand ourselves but not others. Models provide information about general behaviour, yet perhaps they only aid true understanding of ourselves and not others; when it comes down to environment and experience we kn ow ourselves. Subsequently, the use of self-reports in personality psychology poses questions as to the degree to which we are developing an understanding of others. On the contrary, Lounsbury, Levy, Leong and Gibson (2007) conducted a study into the Big Five personality traits and whether they influence sense of identity in an individual. Although a causal relationship could not be established, their research showed that each of the personality traits were related to, and subsequently may influence, identity. In this way, personality research allows us to develop an understanding of others and often inspire further research. The question is simply the degree to which research like this is able to produce understanding; the preceding points have shown that this may not be as strong as we would think. Reanalysis of such studies has shown reliability in self-report measures. McCrae and Costa (1987) showed strong cross-validation for measures of the five factor personality, showing that self-reports can provide us with insight into behaviour and be relied upon in some cases. So, in conclusion, it has become evident that the study of ourselves and others within personality psychology is perhaps more complex than first thought. This essay has raised many issues. Firstly, it is unclear as to how well personality psychology allows us to understand ourselves. On a conscious level it would appear than whilst trying to understand any aspect of personality we develop a clearer understanding of our own, however, research has shown limitations to this (Wilson, 2009; Power, 2000). Overall, it can be seen that we develop a better understanding of ourselves, yet this may not be to a greater extent than others; it may in fact be a joint process of understanding ourselves and understanding those around us (Heider, 2013; Vazire and Carlson, 2010). Alternatively, when we consider how much we are developing a better understanding of others, there are limitations in the use of self-reports, as it is hard to know the degree of understanding we are gaining and whether this i s providing us with a full picture (Ajzen, 2005). Therefore, there are many considerations which make it hard to know the extent of the understanding gained in personality psychology. Perhaps this is also dependent on interpretation of the word ‘understanding’ and the information needed. If a general knowledge of behaviour is adequate, then the models and theories provided by the discipline can help us to understand both ourselves and others to some degree. However, if we seek understanding on a deeper level, we may have to consider that personality psychology may not currently have all the answers needed for deeper insight in ourselves or others.

Pan’s Labyrinth Setting

Setting is one of the vital elements of fiction. A work can only be fully approached if it is first based on its setting, which guides the development of the work. For â€Å"Pan’s labyrinth†, an outstanding cinema work rich in symbols, details and meaning, it is even more essential for us to take the underlying context into serious consideration The external setting of this work consisted of 3 element: time, place and social environment. In 2006, the movie was filmed in a Scots Pine forest situated in the Guadarrama mountain range, Central Spain by the talented Mexican director Guillermo del Toro.The idea for Pan's Labyrinth came from Guillermo del Toro's notebooks, which he says are filled with â€Å"doodles, ideas, drawings and plot bits† which had been kept for twenty years. There are a lot of social factors affecting Del Toro. Firstly, his mind and work are characterised by a strong connection to fairy tales and horror, also he described his political positio n as â€Å"a little too liberal†. Del Toro got the idea of the mythological faun (Pan) from childhood experiences with â€Å"lucid dreaming†: after he waked up, a faun would gradually step out from behind the grandfather's clock.The faun became a mysterious, semi-suspicious relic who gave both the impression of trustworthiness and many signs that warn someone to never confide in him at all. Moreover, by exploring the figure of the god Pan and the symbol of the labyrinth, he tried to â€Å"mix those compelling factors and play with them†. Secondly, â€Å"Pan's Labyrinth† continues a tide of fine movies of Del Toro, illustrating a period after Francisco Franco has come into power. He pointed out that the villains in most of his films are united by the common attribute of authoritarianism.Most people make the villains ugly and nasty but Del Toro realizes that one of the dangers of fascism is that it's very attractive. To him, perfection actually lies in full y loving the defect. Killing somebody can be because of he broke a law, or broke an idea: patriotism, liberty, democracy†¦ In short, the idea behind the act is valued more than the act itself. The Internal Setting of â€Å"Pan’s labyrinth† is related to the 2 parallel storylines: Ofelia's fantasy world against the colorless right angles of the fascist world. For the reality – the facist world, it takes place aroundMay–June 1944, five years after the Spanish Civil War, when Spain was under the authoritarian dictatorship of Francisco Franco. The world war II is about to end. The story happens in a mill on the border of Spain. When the war is raging across the world, women are subordinate to men. The Falangists is winning over the rebels and the rebels have to hide in the forest. It is really a time of suspicion and paranoia: rebel supporters are brutally killed. For the fantasy world, it is seen that the story is closely connected to an old and abandon ed labyrinth and the Underworld Kingdom existing a long time ago.Ofelia, the main character, is a young girl who loves fairy tales. She travels with her pregnant mother Carmen to meet Captain Vidal, her new brutal, facism and cold-blood stepfather and father of Carmen's unborn child. The story is then gradually revealed within the (internal) setting, making viewers immersing completely in appalling scenes with its deep meaning implied. ? A work’s setting has important role as it is the world in which the characters appear, act and expose their emotions. It can be used to evoke a mood or atmosphere that will prepare the reader for what is to come in.In many cases, setting contributes to the overall meaning of a story or affects the characters. It would be a shortcoming if we analyzed a literature work without interpreting its setting and meaning behind, especially for â€Å"Pan’s labyrinth†. In the realistic story, the decisive colors drawing the view of story is old-newspaper yellow and dark grey, which implies the atmosphere of sadness and lurking danger. Not much of Spain outside the mill is referred in the story but the war between political groups here can represent the overall country’s condition.The influence of military is strong and almost encroaching on the natural order of Spain. However, the fascist seem not to belong to this place. They wear steely blue gray uniform, which is unnatural in the forest, while the rebels wear earthy browns connecting to soul of mountain. The fascists' headquarters is lying in a small mill, and surrounded by trees and forest, the rebels' habitat. It states the implication: despite the power of military, the fascists are still the small pocket of dry land in the midst of rising communism, one day they will face to the failure.To further the point on the mill's lack of femininity, it is an indication to us audience that this is not right place for Ofelia. The box shape of it exists only for fun ction, efficiency and work and there is no room to growth and discovery. That this place is not for a child reflects the fact fascism does not fit in Spain. In the parallel story, the fantasy world appears in front of audiences with devastated views. It loses the princess Moanna like Spain is seeking freedom. The Labyrinth is the only place that Ofelia can fully realize her imagination. Moreover, it also reflects reality out there.The structure of Labyrinth is the same as the circulation of destiny. Ofelia comes to the dream world, reunites with the parents, while the rebel defeats the fascist after so much sacrifice, blood and tears. â€Å"Pan’s labyrinth† (internal) setting partly reveals a sorrowful and tragic fairytale. As previously mentioned, the story happened when Spain was under the authoritarian dictatorship of Francisco Franco, in a mill surrounded by mountain and forest and rainy frequently. The film’s darkness overshadows the light, therefore most v iewers can imagine the sorrow from that dreary framework without seeing any minutes of the film.Unlike in other fairy tales where the writers omit events or elements that are deemed too harsh, in Pan’s labyrinth they do not overestimate the violent conflict between the rebel and German army which is leaded by a brutal person Capital Vidal; or the loneliness of the girl between two world, reality and fantasy. To some extent, both of them can reveal a tragic ending. Besides the internal setting, the external setting also discloses some values of the film but in artistic aspect. The author, Guillermo del Toro, has strong obsession of fairy tale and horror.That why he can create details, characters especially fairy ones which contain many symbolic values and compel the audiences to thinking a lot. As a consequence, each time we watch the film, we can always find something new. If we ask why a writer chooses to include certain details in a work, then we are likely to make connecti ons that relate the details to some larger purpose, such as the story's meaning. By analyzing clearly the setting of †Pan's Labyrinth†, viewers, as well as critics, can draw lessons from what Del Toro conveyed

An Analysis of the Dramatic Impact of the Restaurant Scene in Death of a Salesman Essay

Death of a Salesman was first performed in 1949 and was seen to be a powerful and moving piece of drama. I will now be going through the appeal and the impact of the play. First of all, the book of Death of a Salesman can be said to be a universal book, in the sense that it has broad range of themes and is a book for everybody. It has all sorts of aspects, and real life situations that one has to take in mind. Lets first look at the characters. Willy Loman is an insecure and self-deluding travelling salesman. Despite him desperately searching through his past, he is not the typical tragic hero that we have come to depict. He is rather a man who doesn’t achieve self-realization and self-knowledge. He fails to realize his personal failure, and an emotional and spiritual understanding of himself. Willy’s crucial problem is the failure to understand the anguished love that is offered to him. This is the real problem, and tragedy of the play. In the end, he is forced to making the most extreme sacrifice to allow Biff to follow the American Dream. In the end, we remember him by his quote that he made to Charley, â€Å"after all the highways, and the trains, and the appointments, and the years, you’re worth more dead than alive†. Biff Loman essentially wants to seek the truth about himself. While the father and brother alike, are in their self-delusional selves, and are unable to accept the miserable lives that they have, Biff accepts failure and confronts it. Essentially, Biff’s discovery of Willy’s affair drains him of all the faith he had in Willy. Willy sees Biff as an underachiever, and a person that could rise to the top, but Biff on the other hand sees himself trapped in his father’s unrealistic ambitions. Biff’s general identity crisis is a major aspect in the drama. In order to find it, he must expose his father’s delusions. Happy Loman is seen as Willy’s incarnation but with all his worst aspects. He is a difficult character to emphasize. He is a one-dimensional and emotionless character in the play. His empty vow at the end, which says he will â€Å"beat this racket†, is the full embodiment of the lie in which is the American Dream. He has blind ambitions, and is swallowed up by his lies that he is the assistant buyer, when in fact he is just an assistant to the assistant buyer, and is a no body. He is also depicted in this quote, â€Å" My own apartment, a car, and plenty of women, and still, goddamit, I’m lonely†. This idea represents that in fact, Happy has not got such a delightful life, as we have come to conclude, but in fact, he has an inner-emptiness. He feels as though he is a failure, and knows it, just like Willy, but never admits it. Linda Loman is one of the more reasonable characters in the play. She symbolises the need for patience and reason, as well as being the most realistic. She is practically the emotional core of the play. Well, the analysis of these characters should give an idea of what the play portrays. Here is the impact and the appeal, along with the major themes. The play is very much a mix of all sorts of different things, tragedy, social commentary and family drama. The American Dream is one of the most talked about issues in the entire play. Essentially, Willy depicts the American Dream very well. He believes wholeheartedly in what he considers its promise. He believes that a â€Å"well liked† and â€Å"personally attractive† man in business will indubitably possess all the material wealth and possessions that the world has to offer. However, his constant obsession with the vision of a superficial man with the qualities of being well liked and personally attractive is farfetched. Rather, a more understandable man would have depicted the American Dream as being identified as, hard working and positive approaching that leads to success. Eventually it is this very denial of how life works that destroys Willy. He approaches Bernard as a nerd because he studies hard and tries for success. Yet when he finds that Bernard reaches promise and success, and when he looks at his own life, he is left in a disparity, as he realises what a blind and fake kind of vision he lived for. It is actually this very idea that can be very appealing. It teaches a lesson about life, success and failure. How a man, fixed on a blind vision, realises that it is not superficial values that create a successful man, it is the desire to be the best, to want to learn, to strive for success, rather than wait for it. It is this very concept, in which we see a man crumble to a grinding halt. It is actually a truly remarkable aspect, as in it makes you think about life’s goals, and it is the educated people that prosper, not the fake. Another major issue in the play is betrayal. In the play, Willy constantly believes that Biff has betrayed him, in the sense that Biff hasn’t followed his ambitions and dreams that he had for him. Willy believes Biff has to follow his dreams and his path, and the moment Biff tries to reject this, he takes it personally, and says it’s spite. Overall, Willy fails as a salesman, to ultimately, sell the American Dream to his son. Then, Willy assumes that Biff has betrayed him because of his discovery of his affair with The Women. Whereas, Biff, who called Willy â€Å"a phoney little fake† believes Willy, with his unending ego-stroking lies, betrays him. What interests here, is the relationship between father and son. Here we have, a son dying for the truth and being realistic about what and who he is, confronting a father, surrounded by his own self-delusions about the American Dream, and to force it upon his son. This is a very interesting concept, which puts up the idea that Willy has really betrayed Biff, firstly because of his affair, which hurt Biff so much, as he loved his father and mother dearly, and also the fact that Biff is not given the chance to be realistic about himself and his family. I think it is the relations between father and son that are most interesting here. Another issue in the play, that the audience will notice, is abandonment. When Willy is a child, his father, leaving him and Ben alone, abandons him. Ben eventually leaves for Alaska, and Willy is left pondering over his warped vision of the American Dream. Thus, he tries desperately to prove it to his family, and Biff, who Willy loves dearly and has great ambitions for, drops Willy with his dreams when he finds out his betrayal to Linda. Finally, in the restaurant scene, which will be mentioned later, Willy finally believes his American Dream is coming to light, but all his illusions are shattered, and he is left babbling in the washroom. It seems that every abandonment causes great despair over Willy. It actually quite saddens the audience when they see this lonely figure of a man, living up to his fake dreams, to be shattered and let down by those dearest to him. What is interesting, is that how we come about seeing this. His abandonment by his sons can be seen to be his incapability of being realistic about life, and that is one of the main reasons why Biff is uneasy towards Willy. The fact that he is always in unrealistic dreams. So generally, it can be interpreted in different ways. One interesting point I would like to make is that Willy has this tendency to mythologize figures. In the play he has a very important quote, â€Å" And when I saw that, I realized that selling was the greatest career a man could want. Cause what could be more satisfying than to be able to go, at the age of eighty-four, into twenty or thirty different cities, and pick up the phone, and to be remembered and loved and helped by so many different people?† Willy speaks of Dave Singleman here, as a legend and the embodiment of the American Dream. Here is his mistake. His failure to understand his own life, leads to his demise. Willy fails to realise the loneliness, and hopelessness of Singleman’s job. It is that very failure to realise this, that sees both his sons abandon his fake Dream. It is also the fact that he mythologizes Biff and Happy. He is quoted as saying Biff is like Adonis and Happy like Hercules. This is because he believes Biff and Happy to be the absolute embodiment of the American Dream. He sees them as being perfect in every way required, but the reality is extremely different. Moreover, the fact that there includes many different types of symbols also makes you think. It can be said that the rubber hose is an important symbol in itself, as it constantly reminds us of Willy’s desperate attempts to commit suicide. Here, the rubber hose represents the attempts at killing himself with gas, which is, the supplier of his families basic needs. This very idea of inhaling gas is the concept that Willy thinks, is a crucial battle to afford such simple necessities. Diamonds are what I find, extremely puzzling. These diamonds represent two things to Willy. They are, the validation of ones labour, and the ability to pass actual material goods to children. They are both what Willy is craving for. On the other hand however, they are a representation of the discovery of Ben in Alaska, and Willy’s desperate failure as a Salesman. The mistake of Willy, essentially what he feels as well, is that he didn’t go with Ben to Alaska and peruse the American Dream for which he craved so much. Instead, he stayed for what the Dream promised, financial security. So, at the end Ben encourages Willy to enter the Jungle and obtain the diamond, thus, to kill himself for the insurance money to make his life meaningful in at least one sense. So, these ideas were the key concepts of the play. This is exactly what makes it a fantastically interesting and complicated piece of drama. The fact, that so many lessons are learned, so many ideas are played, so many themes and genres are come across. These are what make Death of a Salesman, a truly magnificent piece of writing. It is the fact that it takes the audience into a whole bundle of new ideas and aspects to consider that makes it remarkable. The fact also, that it is set in the 1980’s makes it even more interesting. It depicts the typical nature of the American Dream. Arthur Miller (the author) tries to get the idea across that the American Dream is nothing but an illusion; it is hard working that really matters. Maybe some time ago it was the case, but not now. This idea is clearly implied throughout the book. For example there is Biff’s struggle to get the concept of realism across to his father, there is Happy’s lies and failure, also Bernard’s excellent success, and also Charley’s success even when he was not well liked, and finally, Willy’s failure in life. It is all these ideas that make the play truly astonishing. Now, after describing the play as a whole, I will move on to the restaurant scene, one of the most important scenes in the entire play. It is the climax of the whole Drama. I will first describe the scene then explain and comment on it with quotes. It starts of with the scene in Frank’s Chop House. After Happy meets a particular girl, Miss Forsythe, Biff explains to Happy that he waited six hours to see Bill Oliver, and Oliver didn’t even remember him. He quotes after that, â€Å" I even believed myself that I’d been a salesman for him! And then he gave me one look and- I realized what a ridiculous lie my whole life has been. We’ve been talking in a dream for fifteen years, I was a shipping clerk.† Biff asks where he ever got the idea that he was a salesman for Oliver, he was only a shipping clerk. However, it was Willy’s lies and exaggerations that led him to believe he was a salesman when he actually wasn’t. Then Biff accounts how he stole Bill Oliver’s fountain pen and was disgusted with himself. Happy tells Biff to go tell Willy lies, and say he is thinking about the preposition and then Willy will eventually forget the whole matter. When Willy arrives, he reveals the shocking news, â€Å"I’m not interested in stories about the past or any crap of that kind because the woods are burning, boys, you understand? There’s a big blaze going on all around. I was fired today†. After that he states he needs some good news to go back to Linda with, because he is essentially in disparity, and his life is wrecked. Then everything goes off. Willy says to Biff that he can’t blame him because he is the one who failed math. Young Bernard appears in Willy’s flashback, telling the news to Linda, that Birnbaum flunked Biff. Biff gets completely confused at his father’s crazy statements, and tries to calm him down and explain the truth to him, but it reaches a stage where Willy refuses to listen to Biff’s story. In an absolute frenzy, Willy goes into a state of delirium and has a semi-daydream about the discovery of The Woman in the Boston hotel. Biff backs down, and then desperately starts to lie in an attempt to save his father, â€Å"Oliver talked to his partner about the Florida idea. You listening? He-he talked to his partner, and came to me†¦ I’m going to be all right, you hear? Dad, listen to me, he said it was a question of amount!† Then, when Biff can’t lie anymore, because he is afraid that Willy will get hurt, Willy is insulted by Biff, thinking it is spite and lashes out at his son, he quotes â€Å"You rotten little louse, are you spiting me?† whereas Biff would never do that, because he loves his father and only wants to help him. Then Willy goes off into the washroom and talks to himself. Biff returns to Happy in the Chop House, and accuses Happy of not caring about his father. Essentially Biff reveals the real character that Happy is. Biff tells him in a crucial quote, â€Å" I sense it, you don’t give a goddam about him.† Happy says he should go out with the ladies. Biff leaves in guilt and anguish. Happy claims to the ladies that Willy is not his father, â€Å"he’s just a guy† and then he frantically asks for the bill, Stanley doesn’t respond, so they all leave, and Willy is left babbling in the washroom alone. So, before I get on to the scene with The Woman, I want to explain this. First of all, as Willy has encountered Howard, Bernard and Charley, and has seen their success, his dreams are seriously dented. His illusions and constructed reality is falling apart. Biff wants to essentially leave behind all the lies and fake illusions and start a new beginning, one with his father relating to honesty. Willy, however, wants his sons to aid him in constructing a false truth. One that includes reliving the American Dream for him. Willy takes Biff so far, as to produce a false report of the interview with Bill Oliver and Happy is very willing to accept. When Biff starts to produce a negative report, Happy jumps in with positive remarks to keep the talk going, he quotes, â€Å"Sure pop, sure, he told him my Florida idea†. He comes up with false information about the interview, and here, it is absolutely clear that he has only his own interests in mind, however the damning evidence comes la ter. After a moment of weakness and defeat, Willy’s ultimate fear is lived in the restaurant. He is in an emotional breakdown, and needs Biff and Happy to give him confidence, as he knows he is not liked anymore, and he knows it better than anybody. Eventually we see the state of abandonment as before, when Biff and Happy reject him. Willy’s dream is coming apart, and Happy and Biff have dented it more than any other. For Biff, the experience of finding out the truth about himself and the fact that he is not a salesman for Bill Oliver, makes him even more determined to crack the lies that surround him, at any cost. Willy refuses to hear out Biff because he wants to stay in delusions. He doesn’t want the truth, because he realises how bitter it is, and he knows it. Essentially it can be said that he can’t handle the truth. On top of that Biff doesn’t want to hear Willy’s lies because he is tired of them, he doesn’t want them repeated and repeated. He wants his Dad to realise him. Biff believes, that he must conquer the heavy lies put on him, and realise the truth about his personal degradation. Both Willy and Biff know the differences between the death of a salesman in Singleman and Willy’s own pathetic vision of death. The basis here is that Biff understands that behind the American Dream lies a lonely, and terrible death, one that Singleman himself had. Happy and Linda want Willy to die as he is, in delusions and false truth, but Biff is determined to reach the real truth. Now, this is essentially what is going on in this scene. Biff tries desperately to uncover the lies about himself and Willy, but Willy won’t let him explain. It’s as almost if Willy doesn’t want to hear. Another point to add is that before Biff tries to explain things, we find out he is slightly on alcohol and nervous, and it is essentially because he wants to say he is worthless, a no body, and a bum, something that his father will not accept. Biff tries to explain but Willy won’t let him. This implies Willy is saying, I want to stay in illusions, I’m empty, I don’t want to know the truth. Biff then quotes, ‘His answer was- Dad you’re not letting me tell you what I want you to hear!’ This is very interesting, because Biff is about to tell a half lie, but that’s not what he wants to do, because he wants to get straight. He wants to come out with the truth, and he also loves his father, and doesn’t want to hurt him. With the key line of ‘he’s just a guy’ Happy shows himself as a distorted, thinner image of Willy. However, Willy has a good side to him, his love for his family, and his sense of humour are his good sides. Overall, this scene where we see Biff and Happy, can be said to be the emotional climax of the whole play, as many different ideas and concepts are revealed. Now, I will be describing the scene where Willy is left alone in the rest room, and is in a flashback. When his sons have departed from the Chop House, Willy is left alone in his daydreams and flashbacks about Biff’s visit to Boston. In his daydream he is in a hotel room in Boston with his mistress. After telephoning repeatedly, Biff is knocking on the door. The Woman pesters Willy to go answer. We learn something new about her, as she quotes, â€Å" You know you ruined me, Willy? From now on, whenever you come to the office, I’ll see that you go right through to the buyers. No waiting at my desk any more, Willy. You ruined me.† She doesn’t ‘t actually mean Willy ruined her, but it is just a sort of joke. However, this means, that Willy met her in a buyer’s office and she was presumably, the secretary. Willy is clearly nervous about the surprise visitor, and he orders her to stay in the washroom because it might be a clerk investigating their affair. Willy answers the door and Biff is there. He tells Willy he flunked maths and asks Willy to persuade the teacher, Mr. Birnbaum, to pass him. Then Willy quotes, â€Å"Come on, let’s go downstairs and get you a malted.† Willy is clearly trying to get Biff out of the room quickly. When Biff imitates the maths teacher, The Woman laughs in the bathroom. Willy insists that it is nothing. The Woman suddenly enters the room. Willy quickly pushes her out into the hall way and says that she is a buyer staying in a room next door who needed to shower in Willy’s room, because her room was being painted. Biff then, astonished, sits on his suitcase, crying silently, and not buying his father’s lies at all. Willy says he will go talk to the math teacher, but in tears, Biff says he should forget it. The most harmful blow was when he quoted, â€Å" You-you gave her Mamas stockings!† Then he quotes, â€Å" You fake! You phoney little fake! You fake!† Biff leaves in tears, and Willy is left on the floor quoting, â€Å" I gave you an order! Biff, come back here or I’ll beat you! Come back here! I’ll whip you!† Stanley pulls Willy out of his daydream. Willy is still on his knees yelling and ordering Biff. Stanley pulls him back up, and Willy attempts to tip him, but Stanley sneakily puts it back into Willy’s pocket. Willy asks him frantically where a seed store is, he must plant something, he quotes, and â€Å"Nothing’s planted I don’t have a thing in the ground† So, what did this all mean? Well, Biff discovers the affair of Willy and calls him â€Å"phoney little fake†, so, this means that he suddenly, at that moment, realises what’s beneath Willy’s facade and despises the man behind it. This is what saddens Willy the most, to be exposed in that way. From then on, Willy decides that the reason for Biff rejecting his illusions and the reason for his failure in life is because of what he found out. Of course, in logic, Biff hated Willy for his affair, and therefore hated his ambitions and dreams as well. In this way, Willy mixes up professional with personal. Willy, in his understanding of the American Dream, believes that it has no need for professional success; rather, he thinks that one can derive happiness without these things. Essentially, he thinks success derives from immaterial and ephemeral concepts, of being â€Å"well liked† and having â€Å"personal attractiveness†. Willy believes, that because Biff doesn’t respect him anymore, as a father or person, he automatically rejects the American Dream. However, Willy is correct. This knowledge of the crime that Willy has committed tarnishes any emotional aspects, so therefore Biff rejects the whole idea of the fake American Dream, that Willy is so desperate to sell. Another aspect is the symbol of Linda’s stockings. Earlier in the play, Willy was preoccupied with the state of Linda’s stockings and her mending them. Until the restaurant scene, which is the most climatic scene where Biff tries to uncover all the lies surrounding the Loman household, the only subconscious trace of Willy’s adultery is the complete and utter persistence to throw away Linda’s stockings. These stockings are the ultimate symbol of betrayal and guilt, which overpowers Willy. When Biff then rejects his ambitions for him and the American Dream, his Dream also starts to crack. Willy’s delirious interest in the seed shop and the end reveals a lot about him. At that moment Willy is a failure. He is poor, unemployed and has nothing to give to his sons. He tries to give Stanley a dollar to portray to him at least that he does own something. However, it was a pretty pathetic and feeble attempt. Stanley though doesn’t accept it, because at that time he feels dear to Willy since both sons have left him. In addition, the failure to raise Biff the way he wanted means he has to plant some vegetables at least, to prove his labour and to raise something successfully. The quote at the end, â€Å"Nothing’s planted. I don’t have a thing in the ground†, is implying how Biff was able to break free of his American Dream, and the traditions of his family. Finally, the metaphor represents Willy’s natural preferences to do manual labour, and that being a salesman, was definitely the wrong choice to go with. So, I have come to an end and the only conclusion that I can make of the play, is that it is a fantastically good idea. The themes have an extraordinary range. These include betrayal, the American Dream, material success, commerce, truth vs. lies/fantasy, family, instinct, work, death and ‘dying well’. I’ll end with a quote made by Biff, which summed up Willy very well, â€Å"He had the wrong dreams. All, all wrong.† Background Information: The whole play addresses many painful conflicts regarding the American national values. It offers a post war personal tragedy reading. I think mostly; Miller is concerned with America revolving around the false myth that is based on capitalism and materialism constructed by the post war economy. A type of view, which was held highly by the founders of America. The challenge of the American Dream was very radical at the time of World War II. Radical as it was, many of the artists and philosophers took up the idea of realistic views and personal meaning. At that time this was unusual, and the government didn’t like the idea, they had confusion already in the country. However, many people, even then, had so many conflicts, which included racial and economical, that they couldn’t take up the idea of a social reformation. Many people still kept their ideological interests in hand. However in this day and age, it is obvious that the ideas of people like Arthur Miller have been put into practise, and now, the emphasis is of the American Dream is that it only works if you want to succeed and get to the top by working hard and being positive that you will do well. So, as a final comment, I think that Arthur Miller’s ideas and concepts managed to change the way people think about how society and families work, and what are the values to keep in mind.

You, Jack Kevorkian, Pennsylvania, Your Parents, The...

You, Jack Kevorkian, Pennsylvania, your parents, the government, the church, doctors? Who has the right to make the decision to end one’s life? The controversial topic of euthanasia has been in existence since ca. 460 BC – ca. 370 BC with its origination in the Hippocratic Oath and continues to gain popularity with the advancement in media and technology (Nordqvist). In this paper, we will examine the benefits of voluntary euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and why, in the year 2017 it should be nationally legalized. Euthanasia is a process in which someone takes a deliberate action with the intent of ending a life to relieve intractable (persistent, unstoppable) suffering. Physician-assisted suicide is a form of†¦show more content†¦Refusal of treatment allows for an individual to refuse the recommendations set forth by their physician if they are found to be of sound mind to make that decision. This option does allow for a person to have a say in their medical care and dying process however may not take away their pain and suffering which in turn could affect their overall quality of life. The final legal option is a living will or advance directive. This is an officially binding document drawn up by an individual which allows them the capability to make medical decisions in the event they become incapacitated to do so (Nordqvist). If these alternative means to euthanasia eventually result in death anyway, why then should we force an individual to suffer unnecessarily rather than provide them the choice? Autonomy, or the right to self-govern is one of the major foundations of human rights in the United States and is therefore fundamental in decision-making in health care. It is the leading contributing factor in the legalization of euthanasia in countries such as Belgium, and the Netherlands (Karlsson et al., Dying cancer patients’ own opinions on euthanasia 35). Another important factor to consider in one’s decision to end their own life is how they view its quality. In a study found by Mak and Elwyn, suffering was the top reason for terminally ill patients to want to end their life though PAS (345). She describes suffering as